Titanium Fiber Papers

Efficient Gas Diffusion

High Conductivity, Lightweight
Carbon cloths & FabricsConductive Plastic FilmsTitanium Fiber PapersGraphitized Carbon PapersIon Exchange Membranes & Polymers

Titanium Fiber Papers

Titanium fiber papers represent a specialized category of materials known for their unique properties and applications in various industries. These papers are composed of titanium fibers intricately woven together to form a porous and conductive structure. With their exceptional characteristics, titanium fiber papers find utility in diverse fields, ranging from electrochemical systems to filtration and aerospace applications.

Titanium fiber papers serve as versatile components in electrochemical systems, such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers and solid oxide electrolyzers. They function as critical elements in these devices, playing roles as gas diffusion layers, current collectors, and support structures. Their high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance ensure efficient electron and ion transport, while the porous structure allows for effective gas diffusion, aiding in reactant distribution and facilitating electrolyte permeation.

Beyond electrochemical applications, titanium fiber papers find use in filtration processes, where their porous nature enables effective separation of particles and contaminants from fluids. They are often employed as filter media in industries such as pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, and air purification. Additionally, titanium fiber papers have gained traction in the aerospace sector for their lightweight yet strong characteristics, making them suitable for applications such as sound absorption, thermal management, and composite reinforcement.

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Product Selector Guide

Item

Porosity (%)

 Thickness (um)*

Basis Weight (g)

Actual weight (g)**

LINQCELL TFP250

 50 - 60

250

45.5

18.3 - 22.6

LINQCELL TFP250S

60 - 70

250

45.5

13.7 - 18.1

LINQCELL TFP400

50 - 60

400

72.8

29 - 36.3

LINQCELL TFP400S

60 - 70

400

72.8

22 - 29

LINQCELL TFP600

50 - 60

600

109.3

44 - 54.5

LINQCELL TFP600S

60 - 70

600

109.3

32.8 - 43.6

LINQCELL TFP800

50 - 60

800

145.7

58.3 - 72.9

LINQCELL TFP800S

60 - 70

800

145.7

43.7 - 58.2

All the standard sheet sizes are 20 x 20cm

*Thickness tolerance is ±150um for all grades.

**The actual weight of the sheet will depend on the final porosity. This is the expected range.

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions about Titanium fiber papers

What are the main advantages of using titanium fiber papers?

Titanium fiber papers offer several advantages, including high electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength. Their porous structure allows for efficient gas diffusion, making them suitable for applications requiring reactant distribution and electrolyte permeation. Additionally, titanium fiber papers are lightweight yet robust, making them ideal for aerospace applications where strength and weight reduction are critical.

How are titanium fiber papers utilized in electrochemical systems?

Titanium fiber papers are used in various roles within electrochemical systems. They can serve as gas diffusion layers, facilitating effective gas diffusion and reactant distribution in electrolyzers and fuel cells. Additionally, titanium fiber papers function as current collectors, providing a conductive pathway for electron transfer. Their porous structure aids in electrolyte flow and supports the overall structural integrity of the system.

What applications can benefit from the use of titanium fiber papers?

Titanium fiber papers find applications in several industries. In electrochemical systems, they are vital for hydrogen production in electrolyzers and oxygen reduction in fuel cells. Their porous nature also makes them suitable for filtration processes, such as particle separation and removal of contaminants from fluids. Furthermore, the aerospace industry benefits from titanium fiber papers due to their lightweight and strong characteristics, enabling sound absorption, thermal management, and reinforcement in composite materials.

Can titanium fiber papers be customized for specific applications?

Yes, titanium fiber papers can be customized to meet specific application requirements. They can be tailored in terms of thickness, porosity, and surface modifications to optimize their performance for desired outcomes. Additionally, different weaving or processing techniques can be employed to enhance their mechanical properties or surface characteristics. Collaborating with manufacturers and experts can help determine the most suitable customization options based on the intended use of titanium fiber papers.

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Titanium fiber paper manufacturing process and properties

Titanium fiber paper is produced from titanium fibers through a laying process that involves lamination and lapping. The laminated titanium fibers are then sintered at high temperature, thereby creating a strong and porous three-dimensional fiber network. This three-dimensional structure endows titanium fiber papers with high surface area-to-volume ratio, high porosity, and high permeability. On top of these properties, titanium fiber papers are also known to be electrically conductive, workable (i.e., fiber papers can be rolled and processed), and highly resistant to corrosion and thermal stress.

Titanium fiber paper production properties and key properties

Titanium fiber paper applications

Titanium fiber papers are used in a wide array of applications including aerospace, medical, military, and filtration. Recently, they have been employed as flow field and anodic distributors in fuel cell and electrolysis stacks.

Titanium fiber paper vs. carbon fiber paper

At the cathode side, carbon paper is the predominantly used porous transport layer. On the other hand, at the oxygen (anode) side of fuel cells, the environment is much more corrosive because of usage of pure oxygen and application of potentials as high as 2 V. The highly oxidative environment at the anode corrodes the carbon-based LGDLs, thereby forming CO2 (Eqn. 1) and carbonate ions (Eqn. 2) in acidic and basic media, respectively. Carbon corrosion drastically reduces the the activity and stability of the anode during galvanic or electrolytic operations. For these reasons, metal-based PTLs, specifically titanium fiber papers, are used at the anode of fuel cells and water electrolyzers. 

Carbon degradation reactions

 

Carbon Fiber Paper

Titanium Fiber Paper

Application

Cathode PTL

Anode PTL

Advantages

High porosity and permeability
Cost-effectiveness
Good conductivity
Good compressibility
Low contact resistance
Tunable wettability
Efficient gas diffusion

High electrical conductivity
Excellent corrosion resistance
High mechanical strength
Good thermal resistance
High porosity and permeability
Efficient gas diffusion
Highly tunable surface properties

Disadvantages

Prone to corrosion at oxidative environments and high applied potentials
Brittle
Not suitable as anode PTL

Prone to hydrogen embrittlement
Not suitable as cathode PTL

 


Titanium-based PTLs exhibit good corrosion resistance even when subjected to highly oxidative potentials. In the Pourbaix diagram of the titanium–water system,  we can see that titanium forms a passivation layer under the operating conditions of PEM water electrolyzers. This layer prevents the direct contact between the titanium PTL and the corrosive electrolyte, thereby reducing the likelihood of corrosion. The passivation layer also stabilizes the titanium PTL surface and reduces the concentration of surface defects, which can serve as initiation sites for corrosive reactions. By minimizing the competing side reactions, the overall performance and durability of the electrochemical device improves substantially.

 

Titanium fiber paper as anode LGDLs in fuel cells and electrolyzers

As the anode GDL in fuel cells, titanium fiber papers serve as a porous media for the efficient and uniform delivery of gaseous reactants to the catalyst layer (CL). They also provide pathways that facilitate electron transport from the anode to the cathode, in which electrons are being used up during the reduction reaction. In addition to these, titanium GDLs also serve as water diffusion layers to avoid flooding and manage water build up in the anode of alkaline fuel cell stacks. 

Titanium fiber paper as gas diffusion layer and electrical conductor in PEMFc